Material for court proceedings, lawyers, nature-conservation, customs, property and commercial disputes.
Documents for an item made of wood, leather or other natural raw materials may state a species name. This is useful source information, but it should be checked against the object itself. A material's trade name and an examination result answer different questions.
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The species of a finished product is not always evident from its surface pattern. Colouring, tanning, coatings and mechanical processing can alter diagnostic…
Read article →Examination of items of plant and animal origin, their features, condition, provenance and possible species identification.
Plants, seeds, leaves, wood, bark, roots, fruits, pollen, plant fragments and raw materials of wild plant origin.
Animal hair, individual hairs, feathers, skin, fur, bones, scales, shells, horns, teeth, raw materials and other animal specimens.
When an object's genus, species, group or category can be established, and why preservation and comparison samples matter.
How to describe, package and transfer plant and animal specimens while preserving their value for examination.
Examples of appropriate questions for court proceedings, an advocate, a specialist opinion and an expert report review.
Checking objects, methods, sampling, completeness of the examination, scope of expertise and validity of conclusions.
